[9] He recovered by forging a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. Worldwide Delivery. [154] Having defeated the Confederate forces under Johnston at Bentonville, Sherman proceeded to rendezvous at Goldsboro with the Union troops that awaited him there after the captures of the coastal cities of New Bern and Wilmington. [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. [161] The U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, leaked Sherman's memorandum to The New York Times, intimating that Sherman might have been bribed to allow Davis to escape capture by the Union troops. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. This new edition, published by Appleton, added a second preface, a chapter about his life up to 1846, a chapter concerning the post-war period (ending with his 1884 retirement from the army), several appendices, portraits, improved maps, and an index. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. The magazine Confederate Veteran, based in Nashville, dedicated more attention to Sherman than to any other Union general, in part to enhance the visibility of the Civil War's western theater. The Congressional Evolution of the United States Henry Middleton Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject's entire name. Yet he did not want to run the family salt works near Lancaster. I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. [186][187] In 1888, near the end of his life, Sherman published an essay in the North American Review defending the full civil rights of black citizens in the former Confederacy. [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. [156][157] Also present at the City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter. [a] According to Sherman's Memoirs, he was named "William Tecumseh", his father having "caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, 'Tecumseh'". [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. According to Liddell Hart, this strategy was most clearly illustrated by Sherman's series of turning movements against Johnston during the Atlanta campaign. [287] By the 1880s, however, Southern "Lost Cause" writers began to demonize Sherman for his attacks on civilians in Georgia and South Carolina. Thus, he was living in the border state of Missouri as the secession crisis reached its climax. As long as resistance is made[,] death must be meted out, but the moment all resistance ceases, the firing will stop and all survivors turned over to the proper Indian agent". [236], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. 15. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [183][184] Those orders, which became the basis of the claim that the Union government had promised freed slaves "forty acres and a mule", were revoked later that year by President Johnson. He was one of eleven children of Ohio Supreme Court Justice Charles Robert Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas involved little fighting but large-scale destruction of cotton plantations and other infrastructure, a systematic policy intended to undermine the ability and willingness of the Confederacy to continue fighting. Afterwards the rank of Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864-1866; Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866-1869. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. I know him well. [87] Operating from Paducah, Kentucky, he provided logistical support for the operations of Grant to capture Fort Donelson in February 1862. [245], In 1875, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Sherman became one of the first Civil War generals to publish his memoirs. [226], There was little large-scale military action against the Indians during the first three years of Sherman's tenure as divisional commander, as Sherman allowed negotiations between the U.S. government and Indian leaders to proceed, while he built up his troops and awaited completion of the Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railroads. The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. Sherman's father died unexpectedly in 1829, when Sherman was nine years old, and due to the family's financial problems, he was sent to live with Lancaster . [48][49] Late in life, Sherman said of his time in a San Francisco gripped by the frenzy of real estate speculation: "I can handle a hundred thousand men in battle, and take the City of the Sun, but am afraid to manage a lot in the swamp of San Francisco. [194], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". William Tecumseh Sherman. Sherman's initial assignments were rear-echelon commands, first of an instructional barracks near St. Louis and then in command of the District of Cairo. [252], On June 19, 1879, Sherman delivered an address to the graduating class of the Michigan Military Academy, in which he may have uttered the famous phrase "War is Hell". It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. W. T. Sherman (1887)[285], In the years immediately after the war, Sherman was popular in the North and well regarded by his own soldiers. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. [241], Sherman's early tenure as Commanding General was marred by political difficulties, many of which stemmed from disagreements with Secretary of War Rawlins and his successor, William W. Belknap, both of whom Sherman felt had assumed too much power over the army and reduced the position of Commanding General to a sinecure. On November 25, Sherman took his assigned target of Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the ridge, only to find that it was separated from the main spine by a rock-strewn ravine. In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. There, Sherman had replaced his army comrade, the co-founder Henry Smith Turner when family matters forced the latter to return to St. Louis. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. [142] Sherman then dispatched a message to Lincoln, offering him the city as a Christmas present.[143][e]. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) 2. Four or more generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) if they are properly linked: 1. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . Liddell Hart's claims for his own influence on the German doctrine of, Sherman wrote in a letter to Halleck, dated December 24, 1864, "that we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies.". Fast Delivery. In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years his junior. According to Holden-Reid, Sherman finally "had cut his teeth as an army commander" with the Jackson Expedition. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early success. Sherman appointed Brig. [246] The Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. [231], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." [199], Like Grant and Lincoln, Sherman was convinced that the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological ability to wage further war needed to be crushed if the fighting were to end. Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. [227] In one instance, he was summoned to testify as a witness in Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." The Confederate victory at Kennesaw Mountain did little to halt Sherman's advance towards Atlanta. However, Sherman had proceeded without authority from Grant, the newly installed President Andrew Johnson, or the Cabinet. [220], In this general connection, it is also noteworthy that Sherman and his subordinates (particularly John A. Logan) took steps to protect Raleigh, North Carolina, from acts of revenge after the assassination of President Lincoln.[221][222]. [266] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. Sherman at first trivialized the corresponding threat, reportedly saying that he would "give [Hood] his rations" to go in that direction, as "my business is down south". [80], Having succeeded Anderson at Louisville, Sherman now had principal military responsibility for Kentucky, a border state in which the Confederates held Columbus and Bowling Green, and were also present near the Cumberland Gap. He lived in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States in 1860. This was the largest single capitulation of the war. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. [141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. Maria Ewing Sherman (1851-1913) 2. "[271] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. [242], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. Background The sixth of the eleven children of Charles Robert and Mary Hoyt Sherman, upon the death of his father in 1829 he went to live with the Thomas Ewings, a prominent Ohio family. William Tecumseh Sherman, (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.died February 14, 1891, New York, New York), American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, shut out from the markets of Europe as you will be, your cause will begin to wane. He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . [233] Sherman's views on Indian matters were often strongly expressed. [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. 100% Safe Payment. William Tecumseh Sherman (/tkms/ tih-KUM-s;[4][5] February 8, 1820 February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. In 1864, she took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana in order to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College, both Catholic institutions. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the Western Theater. Sherman served in the army in St. Louis and then in New Orleans from 1850-1852, often lonely for his departed wife and first born daughter. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. You are bound to fail. [230] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. [306], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[307] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[308] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. Louis. Liddell Hart. At Shiloh, he may have wished to avoid appearing overly alarmed in order to escape the kind of criticism he had received in Kentucky. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. [47] He suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. Joseph E. Johnston, the Confederate officer who had commanded the resistance to Sherman's troops in Georgia and the Carolinas, served as a pallbearer in New York City. He passed away on 5 August 1939 in Greenwood County, Kansas, United States of America. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. He captured Atlanta and Savannah and wrought great destruction in marches through Georgia and the Carolinas. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. "[283][284], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure."
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