Experiment Two Procedure: 150 students were shown a one minute film which featured a car driving through the countryside followed by four seconds of a multiple traffic accident. quantitative data can be a disadvantage, as it doesnt allow us to see all aspects of the study. This would have caused demand characteristics. Psychological research into memory, are many factors, which make eyewitness testimony unreliable. In Psychology some of the most contested issues are ethical issues. of which the car was travelling at was known because They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and answer a set of questions about the incident. Their aim was to test their hypothesis of language used in eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory. The aim of Loftus and Palmers (1974) study was to investigate the ways in which memory can beinfluenced by post-event information. Her main focus has been on the influence of (mis)leading information in terms of both visual imagery and wording of questions in relation to eyewitness testimony. Outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research. Elizabeth Loftus is an American cognitive psychologist and expert on human memory. RESULTS. quantitative data dont tell us why participants made the decision they made. Research ethics matter for scientific integrity, human rights and dignity, and collaboration between science and society. It was a laboratory experiment in which there were 5 conditions. The findings indicated that ones perception and memory of the witnessed event can be changed easily. how fast were the cars going when they SMASHED into watching the video, they were all asked to describe in their, own words what they had just seen and then answer some, questions. This has important implications for the questions used in police interviews of eyewitnesses. Experiment one was repeated and they found similar results in both ETHICS. Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real-life accident. The informed part of this ethical principle is the most important part. Yuille, J. C., & Cutshall, J. L. (1986). This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions, only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures experimental design). In an experiment, you may well expect to be asked questions about what you are watching and this For example, Milgram (1963), Zimbardo (1973). They promote the aims of research, such as expanding knowledge. Outline the quantitative measure used in this study. The verb smashed, the highest speed estimate at 40.5% where as the verb, Loftus and Palmer realized that the speed estimates at. [CDATA[ It is reasonable to argue that the students in their experiment were less experienced drivers, who may be less accurate at estimating speeds. // ]]> For any research to be ethical, the researcher must have gained informed consent from the participants. expectation of the scene would be. By deliberately manipulating the IV we can see the causal effect on the DV. Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Ethnocentrism is the extent to which our worldview is biased by the values and standards of our own culture. The participants were shown slides of a car accident, and asked to recall what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. Instead of dealing with theories of misinformation, she began to look at the possibility of being able to plant a specific false memory for an entire event that never took place. Consequently, they could ensure that these factors did not affect Hence; the wording of questions can actually distort someone's memory. (talk about demand Loftus and Palmer (1974) Ethical issues Term 1 / 3 Why did they not gain informed consent? Furthermore, Task 1- Right to Withdraw Right to withdraw means that the participant may choose to leave or "withdraw" from the experiment at any given point of time. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-leader-2','ezslot_15',621,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-leader-2-0'); For example, they may be required to give a description of a robbery or a road accident someone has seen. . The results of experiment 2 are participants recollections of seeing broken glass in the video of the car crash. desirability, extraneous 1 advantage of experimental research is that it demonstrates a causal relationship. // ]]> In Psychology someof the most contested issues are ethical issues. Quantitative data is numerical data. strengths But some may argue that the study of Loftus and Palmer wasnt internally valid. Write an experimental hypothesis for experiment 1. Dependent variable: Participants answer to the critical question: Did you see any broken glass? (either: yes or no). [CDATA[ Giving participants the right to withdraw does not just informing them that they can leave the studyat any time, but also informing them that they have the right to withdraw their results from the study at any time. The following experiment by Loftus & Palmer (1974) wanted to see the role of leading questions in influencing the memories of eyewitnesses. Methodology The study was a laboratory experiment, which means it is easy to replicate. Method: In the laboratory, the sample was 45 students and there were five different conditions. Thirdly, it allows the participants an opportunity to remove their results from the study. The procedure was the same for everyone because everyone watched the consistently show leading questions can distort the memory on an individual. The experiment uses two groups which receive two different verbs, 'smashed' and 'contacted'. establish that the IV had caused the DV. Controlled experiment: Loftus & Palmer conducted their research using experiments. This is because they wanted to get They are only focused on the fact that leading questions affect memory and nothing else. //
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